1783-1820

__**Treaty of Paris, 1783**__
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 * Influenced development…**
 * The Revolutionary War
 * Tension between the colonies and Britain after the Intolerable Acts
 * French and Indian War
 * Boston Massacre
 * Boston Tea Party
 * First Continental Congress Meetings

The Treaty of Paris is one of the most important documents in American History because it ended the Revolutionary War and officially gave America its independence. This document let them become their own sovereign nation and released them from British rule. They were granted all of the New World and were no longer forced to follow any of Britain’s rules or acts. With this document, the colonists were finally free.

__**Constitutional Convention, 1787**__
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 * Influencing development…**
 * The Articles of Confederation
 * Troubles with the existing Confederation of the States
 * Shay’s Rebellion
 * Bankruptcy of the United States in 1786
 * The Revolutionary War
 * Fear that after freedom from Britain, the United States would not know how to govern themselves

The Constitutional Convention was an important event because it helped keep the nation afloat while they were struggling during post war times. During the Convention delegates were able to make many changes to help strengthen the nation. They created more powers for congress, along with creating the three-fifths compromise. The Convention was led by George Washington, who would soon become the first President of the United States.

__Northwest Ordinance__
[|www.in.gov/history/2695.htm#preceding]
 * Influenced Development Of…**
 * January 2, 1778- Governor Patrick Henry of Virginia wrote to Colonel George Rogers Clark. He told him to create a mission to Kentucky and the lands north and west of the Ohio river. This kept the British from occupying Kentucky during the American War of Independence and enabled the U.S. to claim land north and west of the Ohio River at the end of the war.
 * October 10, 1780- The Continental Congress passed the Resolution on Public Lands. Stated that land ceded to the U.S. by particular states would be settled and formed eventually into separate states.
 * September 3, 1783- U.S. and Britatin signed the Treasty of Paris of 1783. This ended the War of Independence and forced the British government to recognize the sovereignty of the U.S. Established boundaries for the new nation.
 * April 23, 1784- The Territorial Ordinance of 1784 was written by Jefferson. It was a plan for a temporary government of the Western territories. It was never put into effect, but greatly influenced the 1787 Northwest Ordinance.
 * May 20, 1786- Congress passed the Land Ordinance of 1785. It was a plan for dividing and selling land in the Western territories.
 * May 9, 1786- The Committee of Congress led by James Monroe of Virginia made a report of a plan of government for the Northwest Territory.


 * Influenced the Development of the United States…**
 * July 13, 1787- Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia. The Congress of the Confederation enacted the Northwest Ordinance, which was a plan to govern the territory north and west of the Ohio river. Free of religion, right to trial by jury, and right to public education were asserted as the rights of the people. Slavery was also banned.
 * October 5, 1787- Congress selected a governor and other officers for the Northwest Territory according to the terms of the Ordinance of 1787. The first Governor was Arthur St. Clair.
 * February 19th- Ohio was the first state formed from the Northwest Territory. It entered the Federal Union as the 17th state.

__**Bill of Rights (1791) **__

[[image:http://www.arb.ca.gov/permits/bill-of-rights.jpg width="284" height="161"]]
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Influenced development…
 * The intolerable acts put on colonists by Britain.
 * States wanted more rights.
 * Fight between Federalists and Anti-federalists
 * The Quartering act
 * The English bill of rights
 * The reason people came to America was for Freedom

The Bill of Rights is one of the most important things in American history. They guarantee every American certain basic rights that everyone deserves. They are the first 10 amendments to the US constitution, and they were put into put into the Constitution as a compromise so more states would ratify the Constitution. Anti-Federalists demanded the Bill of Rights and the Federalists agreed.

__Whiskey Rebellion (August 1, 1794)__
[|www.ferreereunion.com/gazettewhiskeyrebellion.html]


 * Influenced Development Of…**


 * 1.After the Revolutionary War, the federal government made an agreement with the states to assume the incurred by the states during the war.


 * 2.Treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton needed a self-supporting and effective government. He placed an excise tax on whiskey produced in the U.S. as a steady source of revenue in order to pay off debts of the Revolutionary War.


 * 3.The resistance to the tax spread throughout Western Pennsylvania to Virginia, Kentucky, and the Carolina frontiers. Whiskey was a home product for farmers, along with a source of income used as money and means of exchange. Distance to Eastern markets and the lack of good roads made it difficult and costly to transport grain crops. Converting grain to whiskey made it easier and less costly to transport, increasing its value and marketability making it more practical.


 * In Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania, most farmers had their own stills and the government focused on Western Pennsylvania as a testing ground for Federal Authority in an effort to collect the tax.
 * Farmers in Allegheny, Fayette, Washington, and Westmoreland counties strongly opposed the tax. There were citizen meetings held. The farmers were supposed to report to the inspector of Revenue but they believe that it was an invasion of their personal liberties and refused to report. Those who obeyed were ridiculed. The tax collectors were tarred and feathered and government officials were threatened. There were public protests, demonstrations, riots, and violence.

Putting down the rebellion proved that the federal government will not allow challenges to its sovereignty. It was also the first use of federal authority against the rebellious citizens of the United States.
 * Influenced the Development of the United States…**

__**Alien and Sedition Acts **__
[] **Influenced development...** The alien and sedition acts were caused by French tension and prevent public expressions against the federalists. The acts were very controversial among the public. There were many public speakers arrested for talking against the federalists. It made the federalists look like a monarchy. We have learned from this not to let the government have that much power. America became more ethnically diverse after the acts.
 * French Revolution
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Quasi War
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">XYZ affair
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Secession paranoia increased
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Federalists pushed for it

__**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">XYZ Affair **__

 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Influenced Development… **


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">French revolution
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Seizing of American ships
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Federalists pushing for war with France
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">America declaring neutrality
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tension with French

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The XYZ affair is important because helped show us that we need to be more separate. The French had seized over 300 American ships with British supplies. We sent three Americans to speak with the French leaders and they told them they must pay first. America was outraged and tension grew exponentially. It lead to the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Quasi War.

[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Marbury_v_Madison_John_Marshall_by_Swatjester_crop.jpg width="277" height="182"]]
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The decision in the court case Marbury vs. Madison, established Judicial Review. Judicial Review is the ability of the courts to declare a law unconstitutional. This is one of the most important decisions in American history. Every law that is passed in congress must be constitutional and they are all judged by the courts. Judicial review strengthens the Judicial branch and helps with checks and balances
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Influenced development… **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">British use of precedence
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">John Adams increased to number of Federal Judges
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson (democratic-republican) won.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The “midnight” appointment of judges
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">John Marshall was the Chief Justice

[[image:http://www.ncgenweb.us/dogsnc/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/war-of-1812.jpg width="352" height="312"]]
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 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">Influenced development… **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">British seizure of American ships
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">British Impressment of American sailors
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">Chesapeake affair in 1807
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">Army of Native Americans on the frontier
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">The embargo act

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">The War of 1812 was important because it proved American Independence from Great Britain. Other things also came out of the war of 1812, such as the “The Star-Spangled Banner”, and it helped spark the Industrial Revolution. The industrial Revolution began because America shut down its ports to Europe. The British and French both passed acts that wouldn’t allow US trade with the other country. The war of 1812 was finally secured our Independence as a nation.

__**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Missouri Compromise **__

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[]




 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Influenced Development… **


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">North and south differed on slavery
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Northern states began programs to abolish slavery
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Westward expansion
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Debates in congress over slavery increased
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Exaggerated stories of mistreatment of slaves

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The Missouri Compromise was caused by much tension between the North and South states. The reason this event was so important is that it separated the United States into two halves. After the compromise the tension continued to grow and began to cause violence and chaos. The south was viewed by the north as monsters for mistreating their slaves. This eventually led to the Civil War which changed America incredibly. The compromise was the first step to freeing the slaves and shows us how wrong slavery is.

__George Washington__
[|www.Americanhistory.about.com/od/GeorgeWashington/p/Washington.htm]



-Known as the “Father of our Country”. He was the 1st President of the U.S. He also lead the Continental army to victory over the British. He believed in a strong federal government which greatly influenced the development of the nation throughout his years in office. Worked on a principle of merit. He warned against foreign entanglements. And by declining his 3rd term, he set the precedent of the two-term presidency.

-He proved the authority of the Federal Government when he sent in troops to stop the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794. He was a huge supporter of neutrality with foreign affairs. His warning against foreign entanglements set the American Political Landscape. In 1795, Pickney’s treaty created a boundary between the U.S. and Spanish held Florida, and the U.S. gained the Mississippi for trade.

__**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">Alexander Hamilton **__

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">Alexander Hamilton is important to this time period because he was the first Secretary of Treasury. He succeeded in getting the new nation out of debt with his financial plan. Hamilton is credited with being the “leader” and founder of the Federalist Party. He was a big supporter of having a strong central government and interpreted the Constitution loosely, thus creating the first National Bank.

[[image:http://www.visitingdc.com/images/thomas-jefferson-picture.jpg width="264" height="213"]]
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I think that Thomas Jefferson was an important person during this time period because he helped create the new nation of The United States and help the colonies during the revolution. He was a Founding Father and the main author of The Declaration of Independence. He was also the third President, from 1801-1809. He was the leader and founder of the Anti-Federalists, or Democratic-Republicans. He opposed Alexander Hamilton, leader of the Federalists, and wanted a weak central government and favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution. He also did not like Alexander Hamilton’s national bank. He also was the one who purchased theLouisianaTerritoryduring his Presidency.

__**John Adams**__
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I think that John Adams was an important person during this time period because he helped the colonies during the revolution and was a Founding Father. He served in the First Continental Congress in 1774 and in 1780 drafted the Massachusetts Constitution. He was the first Vice President under George Washington and became the second President. His son John Quincy Adams became the country’s sixth President.

[[image:http://kivafellows.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/100-bill.jpg width="392" height="163"]]
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">Benjamin Franklin was one of the most influential people of this time period. Ben assisted in writing The Declaration of Independence and he helped shape the government in to what it is today. He was the ambassador to France and helped convince the French to fight with the Americans in the Revolution. In addition to being a politician, Franklin invented many things that the people use today including, bifocals, the Franklin stove, odometer, and the fire station. He also discovered electricity.

__**Lewis and Clark**__
[] I think that Lewis and Clark were important during this time period because they helped expand the boundaries of the United States. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led the expedition to survey the land West of the Mississippi River. After Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory, he sent Lewis and Clark to explore this land. They faced many hardships, and during their first winter they received guidance and help from Sacajawea, a Native American woman.

__**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">James Madison **__
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">James Madison was important because he helped form the constitution, was president, and contributed to the Bill of Rights. He had a major part of the writing of the Constitution by writing, with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the Federalist essays. A few years later, when he was called the "Father of the Constitution”, he said “ It took more than one great mind to write the constitution.’ In Congress, he helped make the Bill of Rights and enact the first revenue legislation. From his leadership in opposition to Hamilton's financial proposals came the uprising of the Republicans. He was also the fourth president from 1809-1817.

__Henry Clay__


He was a prominent war hawk, pushing for expansion and a war with Britain. He was the peace commissioner in negotiations that ended the War of 1812. Pushed the emancipation of slaves. In the Compromise of 1850, he was referred to as the Great Compromiser and managed to temporarily tame sectional passions. He was the Whig party leader, and his ideas of the American system were taken over by the Republican party.

__**Samuel Adams**__
[|www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/samuel-adams-facts.html]

Samuel Adams was known as the “Father of the American Revolution”. He organized the 1st committee of correspondence and was the founder of the Sons of Liberty. He opposed the ratification of the Constitution until a bill of rights was added. He helped steer his colonists towards independence.

__**<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Patrick Henry **__
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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Patrick Henry is important because he helped form the early United States. In 1774 he was one of the most high up members of the New York Committee of Correspondence. He again was elected to the Continental Congress in 1778 and was voted president of that body on arrival. He became extremely involved in the growth of a new state government for New York. In 1777 he attended the New York constitutional convention, and was chosen to draft that constitution. He then served as the first Chief Justice of the state.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">KW- Bill of Rights, War of 1812, Marbury vs. Madison, Hamilton, Franklin. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">GT-Treaty of Paris 1783, Constitutional Convention 1787, Jefferson, John Adams, Lewis and Clark <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">BD- Northwest Ordinane, Whiskey Rebellion, George Washington, Sam Adams, Henry Clay <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">PW-XYZ Affair, Missouri Compromise, Alien and Sedition Acts, Patrick Henry, James Madison